IEEE BioSensors focuses on research, development, and application of biosensors and biosensing systems. Biosensors involve the use of a biological or chemical element to transduce a target measurand into a signal. Biosensing systems include electrochemical, optical, mechanical, material, and other instrumentation associated with biosensor measurements as well as sample preparation/processing, sample interfacing, and data processing/analytical methods specific to biosensors.